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Streetfilms, created by Clarence Eckerson jr. from New York City, are always a pleasure to watch. For his 960th video, Clarence interviewed yours truly about the huge transformation Utrecht is … Continue reading →

The director of the International Cargo Bike Festival, which was celebrated last weekend in the city of Groningen in the far north of the Netherlands, thinks “the tide is definitely … Continue reading →

Some people express concerns about pedestrians, when they see my videos of the very busy cycleways in the Netherlands. They feel it must be very hard to cross there and … Continue reading →

This TV programme was transmitted in the UK in 1992. That's 27 years ago. I'm fairly sure that I watched the programme as I would certainly have been interested in this subject at that time. None of the the problems shown in this nearly 30 year old video have really been resolved. Many of the proposed solutions remain the same but they've not been implemented. It's another story of missing David Hembrowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14543024940730663645noreply@blogger.com0http://www.aviewfromthecyclepath.com/2019/06/this-week-in-1992-thirty-year-old-time.html

When the town of Heerhugowaard expanded beyond a main road, its new residents were faced with a barrier for cycling. It proved possible, however, to build a beautifully curved cycle … Continue reading →

The people of Utrecht are very satisfied with cycling in their city and they continue to cycle more every year. Cycling increased with five percent last year, while the number … Continue reading →

The debate is still ongoing about what is more annoying: Dutch head winds or hills. I’m not sure yet either, but I do know now what is worst: riding uphill … Continue reading →

A record number of people on high-wheelers gathered last weekend in Zaltbommel in the Netherlands. People from 10 different countries had travelled to this town to attend the first Open … Continue reading →

Judy and I went touring in the Netherlands in 2002 and brought back many photos, but the even more primitive camera which I had then couldn't record video at all. YouTube was founded in 2005 and grew quite rapidly. At the end of 2006 it was bought out by Google and YouTube has remained under Google's ownership since that time. I started using YouTube quite early on, making what I think were David Hembrowhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14543024940730663645noreply@blogger.com0http://www.aviewfromthecyclepath.com/2019/05/the-first-cycle-campaigning-youtube.html

Here is an update of Police Services that are currently, or have been recently carrying out policing of close passing of cyclists.

The basic format is the same: plain clothes officers report ahead if they have been passed too closely; the driver is stopped and, generally using a mat, the driver then has Rule 163 of the Highway Code and its rationale explained to them. Some 26 of the 42 Police Services in the UK attended our September training day in 2018. At present some 24 Police Services have carried out some kind of policing of close passing of cyclists.

Precise numbers of forces doing this kind of work are difficult as some don’t update us. There are also police services that are interested but haven’t yet organised resources to do this type of enforcement. On top of that there is also a lot of work involving joint operations over different policing areas *. Forces with headsets sent to them by Cycling UK to assist operations by illustrating what close passing feels like are marked *

 

Police Services that are currently, or have been recently, carrying out policing of close passing of cyclists.
Avon and Somerset*
Cambridgeshire (with Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire)*
Derbyshire
Dorset
Devon and Cornwall
Essex
Gloucestershire
Greater Manchester
Hampshire* and Thames Valley*
Merseyside*
Metropolitan
Norfolk and Suffolk**
Nottinghamshire*
South Wales
Sussex*
West Midlands*
West Yorkshire
Wiltshire
Police Scotland
Police Service Northern Ireland

(North Yorkshire*/ Cleveland and Durham* have received headsets)

Policing close passing to the high standard of West Midlands Police Road Harm Reduction Team requires accepting and processing 3rd party reporting and a high quality social media presence (such as that of Surrey Roads Policing Unit): both of these elements vary to the degree they are present (or indeed absent) in the Police Services mentioned.

It should be noted that the numbers of operations carried out by the Police Services above, and the numbers of drivers stopped, vary widely.

The state of play now

Our concern as Road Danger Reduction Forum is to report on and disseminate the work on roads policing done by West Midlands Police Road Harm Reduction Team. While the close passing policing operations are of key importance, they have to be linked in to an effective 3rd party reporting system for this form of careless driving, and are greatly helped by a good quality social media presence which assists in educating road users . (See the post here https://rdrf.org.uk/2018/07/04/policing-close-passing-of-cyclists-update-4th-july-2018/
which describes this).

There is some reference to 3rd party reporting in the reports below: readers should be aware of the research due to be published shortly by Professor Sally Kyd and Dr Steven Cammiss of Leicester University Law School on this subject, which shows a wide degree of difference on the experience of 3rd party reporting in the surveyed Police Services.

It is also important to be aware that there have been a number of accounts on social media of experiences of cyclists with specific PSs with regard to close passing. These accounts don’t necessarily have any scientific basis for assessing the operation of a PS in these respects, but nevertheless can indicate issues and some are referred to.

Finally, the three-pronged approach of:
• Close passing policing
• 3rd party reporting of close passing
• Social media explanation of this kind of policing
is related to other forms of enforcement – targeting the principal source of danger to other road users – as described here https://rdrf.org.uk/2019/04/22/operation-zig-zag-a-new-operation-by-west-midlands-police-road-harm-reduction-team/ ,but this report concentrates mainly on close passing policing of the basic three elements.

Avon & Somerset
A&S Police Road Safety‏ @ASPRoadSafety The #undercovercop cycling in #Bristol – offering words of advice (WoA) to drivers on the need to pass cyclists safely. General response has been positive & apologetic. Also gave WoA to cyclist who made a dangerous manoeuvre turning right off #ParkSreet while passing the officer. 17/12/18

Here’s another tweet from them with a nice Gif: https://twitter.com/i/status/1084764866542481409

But: Hayley Davies‏ @hjd1984 My friend was recently hit by a car on a roundabout. She has 3 separate CCTV angles and yet @ASPolice have refused to accept them as evidence because “impact and car license isn’t in the same frame” 4:47 PM – 13 Jul 2018

Cambridgeshire
Nothing new reported. A tweet posted on 28th February 2019 by Gabriel‏ @Ezy_Ryder shows: So latest close pass disregarded as you usual. See this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qtyCxwVTak … at 2 min in.
Cumbria
“We are not doing close pass exercises involving a plain clothes officers, but are using the mats at public events. 28th March 2019”

On Twitter: @andytacey Feb 5 I have given up sending camera footage to @Cumbriapolice @CumbriaRoadsPol as not interested unless they hit me..
Derbyshire
Started in Autumn 2018 https://www.derbyshire.police.uk/police-forces/derbyshire-constabulary/areas/derbyshire-force-content/campaigns/campaigns/2019/op-close-pass/ Two officers cycled 70 miles in central Derby: “On a positive note, only four motorists were stopped… As the vast majority of road users gave them plenty of space,”
Dorset
In Road Safety Week in 2018 unmarked police cars were due to be used https://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/17234091.undercover-police-operation-close-pass-is-back-for-road-safety-week/
Devon and Cornwall

Our message for Chief Constable Otter of @DC_Police – please RT so we get some traction on this. pic.twitter.com/7Wz4esP2LK

— Family ByCycle (@FamilyByCycle) August 13, 2018

“Family ByCycle” are well known on social media for their “End-to-End” bicycle ride with their small children. This thread on 13th August 2018 describes their experiences in Devon – note the supportive response from the Chief Inspector
Coverage in the cycling media http://road.cc/258532 complains that policing is disproportionately targeting cyclists : “Taunton cycle safety operation saw police stop 24 cyclists and three motorists”. 30/03/ 2019
Bike Cop‏ @50bikecop Today I will be mostly engaged in ‘Operation #ClosePass’ targeting motorists who think passing cyclists & horse riders too closely is acceptable. Yes we have a police officer on a bicycle & he has got cameras rigged! #SlowOrDeadSlow #GiveSpaceBeSafe #BHS

Essex
FlatStanley‏ @flat__stanley Essex police do this – had a good chat with the police officer for a witness statement for a close pass – he said they acted on 15 close passes last month (3rd party reporting) 15th December 2018
Essex Police received 374 ‘Extra Eyes’ submissions in March 2019 – a year-on-year rise of 128% – and took action in 108 cases.
Launched in December 2017,The Extra Eyes webpage provides a simple method for cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers to upload footage showing dangerous or illegal behaviour.Having reviewed the footage, where appropriate Essex Police contact the person caught on camera and explain the potential consequences of their actions. Alternatively, the offender may be offered a driver retraining course, or in serious cases face prosecution with the footage used as evidence.
On the 108 cases where action was taken during March 2019, more than half (62) were in response to instances of careless driving. 15 close pass drivers were identified by the footage.
Gloucestershire
Some issues about a 3rd party video being badly handled: good to see @Glos_Police on January 10th handle it: “ We’ve reviewed the conversation and certain comments made by the officer were unacceptable and do not represent the Constabulary’s approach to road safety. We’ve also reviewed the footage and found our initial assessment, and closing of the investigation, was wrong. We’ve now reopened the investigation and will look into this further. We have also apologised for the inappropriate comments said to the cyclist and will be giving the officer in question words of advice.”
Greater Manchester
From 6th February 2019 have had 3rd party reporting through Single Online Reporting Portal. https://t.co/M2YcyIxzEE They run close pass operations “when they can” but don’t have a dedicated unit. They have been doing this for a while with their first driver to be prosecuted found guilty with a fine + costs of £825 + 3 points.
Gwent
Twitter advice from Gwent Police:

Heading out this weekend? If you're cycling or driving please watch this…we need all road users to cooperate & travel safely, whilst being mindful of others. Our PC Jon Williams has this advice for you…Got a question? Tweet us @GwentPolice using the hashtag #GPAskJon pic.twitter.com/bS7NTjQ7dI

— Gwent Police (@gwentpolice) September 14, 2018

Hampshire and Thames Valley
@HantsPolRoads are using the phrase first coined by a member of the Met’s Cycle Safety Team : “We can’t be every where, but we could be anywhere” .April 16th 2019

Still concerns voiced about 3rd party reporting by : HumanOnABike‏ @WtrlvileCyclist
I’ve reported 14. I’ve heard nothing. It appears to be a black hole.
Cycliq light/cameras were being used by members of the Hants Police Cycle Club. Unfortunately there was a Twitter spat with them over some comments on safe cycling and their account has gone. We hope they aren’t put off and are back soon.

Lancashire
Didn’t attend training day
Complaints on Twitter from: Andrew Disley‏ @andrewdisley : Just been told by local police that taking primary position while I cycled at 20mph in a 30mph with oncoming vehicles and double solid white lines is me causing an obstruction and as such it was ok for a driver to pass me at about 20cms from my handlebars. Jan 15th 2019
20th Dec 2018 Two terrifying #closepass 21Dec18 Reported + HD video 24Dec18 Appointment + statement expressing my wish for a NIP 13Mar19 “Sorry, no action we did not send out a NIP” A prime example of how @LancsPolice continue to fail on vulnerable road user safety. Officer reviewed this https://youtu.be/NLvU-oAr6Nw?t=132 … and then victim blamed me for “riding into the path of the van” see description for officers reply. At 1.15 and 2.25 secs.
Merseyside
MerPol City Centre‏ @MerPolCityCen

Officers have been out in the City centre tackling the issue of dangerous cycling including those who fail to stop at red lights. 20 tickets issued for various offences. We encourage people to cycle but please do so with consideration for other road users and pedestrians.

I haven’t heard from them re-policing close passing
Metropolitan
In 2017 – 83 close pass presentations, reported 74 motorists for traffic offences such as not having a licence, insurance or MoT or breaching the speed limit. 9 cars were seized.

Last year there were 199 close pass presentations and 216 traffic offences reported. A total of 26 vehicles were seized.

So far 2019 there have been 82 close pass presentations, 120 tickets for traffic offences have been issued and 12 vehicles have been seized.

There have been five successful prosecutions for offences directly related to the manner in which they passed the cyclist (Careless/Inconsiderate driving) receiving the following penalties;

1 x Disqualification for 6 months
1 x 6 points and £440 fine
2 x 3 points and about £100 fine for each
1 x Driving Course

(2 prosecutions sought this year for which we do not currently have any results).

As always, our priority is about engagement and education which goes some way to indicate the poor standard of driving displayed by these cases in order to warrant both our prosecuting them and the high penalties received by two of them in particular.

We have continued working closely with LCC who supply us data from the StayWider website which TfL then analyse and produces a list of hotspot locations that we can focus on in the knowledge that they are the primary and current areas of concern to London cyclists.

In the “Evening Standard”: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/met-s-safety-team-target-dangerous-electric-scooter-riders-on-the-roads-and-pavements-a4118041.html

“Hotspot” locations are chosen after being flagged by cyclists on Twitter or on the London Cycling Campaign “stay wider of the rider” (SWOTR) website..An undercover officer wearing a body-worn camera cycles a route and alerts colleagues to dangerous overtaking. Guilty motorists are pulled over and given the choice of a ticket for careless driving or an on-the-spot “educational” reminder of the Highway Code. Five incidents led to prosecutions.

For an example of successful 3rd party reporting, see this video (c.18 seconds in) . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ATjS1wkdCc&feature=youtu.be

This resulted in Lee Christensen
A lot of negative publicity came from lack of progress following a video clip featured on London news https://twitter.com/itvlondon/status/1124005667235356675 although there has now been a prosecution

Norfolk and Suffolk

In October 2018 the BBC were told that 75% of videos were acted on.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-norfolk-45843691/shocking-dashcam-videos-released-by-norfolk-and-suffolk-police Harry Mach argued on social media that there had been a drop in January 2019. A complaint he made about alleged lack of action was responded to.

@NSRAPT tell us:
The agenda for Norfolk and Suffolk for 2019 is:
Financial investment in equipment, media/branding and advertising/promotional material in both Norfolk and Suffolk Constabularies
8 Close Pass events in EACH county this year, with one a month. This is a massive jump for Suffolk, who had nothing last year, and brings both counties in line with each other. Social media activity around these events, advertising the operation
The Cycliq cameras will become available between the Close Pass operations to commuting Police staff/officers, so that they can film their daily commutes to/from work. The material that they generate will be used on out social media feed (with number plates redacted) so that we can promote discussion, sharing and increase the quantity of material that Close Pass is generating in the Public forum. Of course, any serious offences that are captured will be prosecuted instead, and will not be usable on social media.
There is a decent uptake from Suffolk County Council, who have committed staff and resources to the event, and I have been really excited by their enthusiasm to adopt the operation in their county. The Norfolk side will simply be an increase in events, but with the additional investment, we hope to make the social media presence significant (in our Counties).
https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/olympic-cyclist-chris-boardman-backs-operation-close-pass-norfolk-1-6036188

Northants
EastNorthantsCycling‏ @Cycle_northants tweeted
No action taken as “I’m riding in the primary position” according to @NorthantsPolice having just overtaken a parked car, thought that’s what we (cyclists) had meant to do if it wasn’t safe for an overtake. LL63 AOU 10:45 AM – 1 Mar 2019

No action taken as "I'm riding in the primary position" according to @NorthantsPolice having just overtaken a parked car, thought that's what we (cyclists) had meant to do if it wasn't safe for an overtake. LL63 AOU https://t.co/5y0oTVdU7m

— EastNorthantsCycling (@Cycle_northants) March 1, 2019

No response from this PS re-close passing policing

Nottinghamshire
‏ @NottsRoadsPol Officers have been out on bikes today around the city and county filming poor driving behaviour. To those drivers who passed too close to the officers or provided inappropriate feedback, expect a visit or something through the post. #closepass @WeAreCyclingUK @nottspolice 5th April

North Yorkshire
They attended 2017 training day, have a mat and officer commitment, but lack of resources have meant no close passing operations and just the use of the mat at public events for education. Hopefully things will change with both the Tour de Yorkshire and the Cycling Road World Championships being held in the area this year: bringing non-cycling people to the events may mean benefits for drivers attending public events and seeing how to drive from display of mats. Absence of activity has led to complaints on Twitter.

Staffordshire
Pompey Cyclist‏ @PompeyCyclist Of the last batch of 6 incidents I reported to @StaffsPolice only two are being sent an NIP and being “considered” for prosecution. HGV 12 inches away? Nah Peugeot driver passes within a foot? Nope Overtake me past parked cars, into traffic, forcing them and me to stop? No.
I have not heard of any close passing policing from this PS.

South Wales
In March 2019 they report:
In South Wales we have carried out 2 Close Pass operations in recent months. A total of 13 offences were detected, with all offenders electing a road safety input in lieu of prosecution. We used social media extensively during both with regular updates on Facebook and Twitter. The local radio station was also involved carrying out interviews of officers involved as well as some of the people we stopped.
On the down side we do find that the operation is very time consuming as well as not really being cost effective for what it achieves. We are encouraging people to send us their Dashcam footage via Op Snap, as this provides a better tool in dealing with offences by both drivers and pedal cyclists.

There is partnership working with South Wales Fire and Rescue @SWFireandRescue : Today we are working with @swpolice and @cardiffcouncil on #OpClosePass stopping vehicles that do not give enough distance to cyclists and providing training in safety awareness.
There were 2,300 dashcam films were sent in and action was taken in more than 650 cases in 2018. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-46424514

South Yorkshire
No reports back from them. A video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYQUwjwAres
of a questionable response to a 3rd party video reporting a (very) close pass received many comments on Twitter. https://t.co/I2rIkQc9QH
Continuing social media complaints about inadequate 3rd party reporting procedures from Northern Cyclist TVL‏ @NthrnCyclistTVL

I had a Notts. cop tell me that if she charged my close passes, she'd have to charge hundreds of other cyclists complaints, so couldn't.

— Northern Cyclist TVL (@NthrnCyclistTVL) March 30, 2019

I

Surrey
New online reporting tool @SurreyPolice have updated their online ‘Report a road traffic incident’ forms where dash and helmet cam footage can be linked. You now get a receipt email with a reference number on submission. https://www.surrey.police.uk/ro/report/rti/report-a-road-traffic-incident/ …

Sussex:
http://www.operationcrackdown.org/ 3rd party back up Dec 2018
Sussex Safer Roads‏ @SussexSRP
At this year’s Piazza Italia in Horsham we’re taking the time to explain how vehicles should overtake cyclists safely by passing nice & wide (Oh & we’re enjoying the glorious spring sunshine!) #RoadSafety #PiazzaItalia

West Midlands
Here’s an example of what they do from Twitter:
Were you the cyclist on the A452 Collector Rd towards Chelmsley Wood who was “close passed” at about 8:30 am yesterday, & the offender was immediately pulled over & prosecuted by ourselves? If so can you please make contact with PC 3505 Mark Hodson. Please RT
More
We’ve got excellent footage from our vehicle from behind the offence but we would just like to know if you were running a camera, not only for the prosecution but so we can use the footage “post” prosecution as part of our #OpClosePass programme
WMPRHRT work closely with the West Mids Fire Service:

• There are at least ONE PER WEEK operations in their area, carried out with neighbourhood teams, mainly of PCSOs. About 3 (including up to 2 motorcyclists) come from WMPRHRT with up to 6 from the neighbourhood team.
• Each operation takes up to 3 hours.
• 9 – 16 vehicles are stopped for close passing in each operation. Typically 3 go to court if abusive or very close pass, 9 get the “chat on a mat” and Virtual Reality given by Fire Service. Constant flow through 3rd party.
• 50 – 80 cases of 3rd party reporting PER MONTH (helmetcams and light/cameras, with some dashboard cams now) processed.
• Approximately 40% of their #S3RTA1988 #closepass offences have a educational course disposal. The rest get a conditional offer of 3 points & £100 fine or court.

In addition WMPRHRT are active in policing:

• 20 mph: See BBC video here https://twitter.com/i/status/1027616023254642688
• #OpTopDeck out again this afternoon with @ST_Police crewing the bus in company with PC Hodson from our team. 41 mobile phone offences detected in 3 hours. The evidence from bus is fantastic even in the poor weather this afternoon. Offending observed & evidenced from feet away!
• #OpZigZag: https://rdrf.org.uk/2019/04/22/operation-zig-zag-a-new-operation-by-west-midlands-police-road-harm-reduction-team/
e.g. #OpZigZag appears anywhere drivers are endangering #vulnerableroadusers through their unlawful actions.15 drivers will be reported for Due Care after speeding through the pedestrian crossing on Gravelly Hill (30mph limit) ,the driver doing 64mph… reported for Dangerous Driving 09/05/2019

West Yorkshire

Reported to me on Twitter 23/01/2019 – so not good at 3rd party https://twitter.com/TwoWheels22

Wiltshire

https://www.wiltshire.police.uk/article/3041/Drivers-stopped-in-Operation-Close-Pass#5b50a6fa09562

38 stopped in second operation, mainly for close pass, in July

Unfortunately there has been negative coverage in cycling media https://road.cc/content/news/256636-near-miss-day-257-two-cyclists-get-close-pass-driver-theres-postcode-lottery “I’m not even considering police, last time I enquired with Wiltshire Police they told me unless there’s a collision they’re not interested,” he told us.

Police Scotland

May in Scotland

May Scotland pic https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-48181424

For an example of social media: on 21/02/2019 Road Policing Scotland‏ @polscotrpu
#OpClosePass If you have a spare couple of minutes, please consider reading this article which explains why cyclists take certain positions whilst cycling on the road. Great explanations in far more depth than we could ever tweet.
And:

@FalkirkPolice 21st February 2019: Operation #ClosePass aims to help keep cyclists safe on the road by educating drivers who are found to be passing an unmarked police cyclist too closely or unsafely. @ForthValPolice @polscotrpu officers are out engaging with drivers. #ThursdayThoughts

@polscotrpu PC Philip was invited to R D Anderson Haulage in #Edinburgh today to deliver an #opclosepass educational input to their drivers focusing on #Rule163 of the Highway Code. Using our specially designed mat PC Philip demonstrated the space required for safe overtaking of 08/01/2019

I think it’s worthwhile reading an account of one well known blogger’s (David Brennan‏ @magnatom) experiences from his thread on15 Sep 2018:

“I’m often asked if I’ve reported an incident I’ve shared. The reality is I only rarely do go to the police. Unfortunately going to the police is not easy. First, you need to hope you get a sympathetic officer. Sometimes you do.. Sometimes you get dismissed. Sometimes you have to argue with them that, yes driving a car 30cm from my arm at 40mph is dangerous. Then, when they do take it seriously, it takes time to do the statement and burn the videos to CD. Then you rarely hear from the police again.
Sometimes you do, but often you need to chase them. Then, sometimes the police make a mistake and don’t fill a form out right, or don’t send the case to the Procurator Fiscal on time. I’ve had a few cases dismissed because of that. Then the Procurator Fiscal take the case and you may never hear about the case again, unless you chase. You only ever hear about it if it goes to court. Some cases are dropped due to ‘not in public interest’ which is often code for, ‘we have too many cases and road safety isn’t a priority’. Some are given a warning letter, which is a waste of time. Then if you are very lucky, you get a court date. By that is often delayed. Sometimes the delay happens before the court date, sometimes the delay happens when you’ve been sitting in the witness room for 6 hours.
Sometimes after having sat in the witness room for 6 hours the PF comes to chat with you and lies about a problem with the paperwork which you later find out was completely false. If you are super lucky at this point the defendant admits guilty and you aren’t needed.
If you are unlucky you need to go into court as a witness. That, I can assure you, is not fun. In fact, its pretty damn horrible. Not only do they pick at your evidence, if they see fit, they character assassinate you. For an hour and a half. Then, at the end they find the defendant not guilty because they can’t be identified in the footage. It matters not that they admit driving the car at the time, on that road, or that you shout out the reg, and the make of the car is obvious. Or they are found not guilty because its not breach of the peace to shout aggressively in someone’s face that they are young to beat you up,…. Or that the precise position of the car wheels are not know at a specific moment which might mean they didn’t drive their car at you…. If, you get beyond that and they are miraculously found guilty, then they get a slap on the wrist with a small fine and a few points. Less than they’d get if they were caught holding a mobile phone. Oh and the charge is reduced from Dangerous to careless, because it’s just easier that way. and despite everything that happened, despite how bad the driving was and the crap you’ve had to go through, you still feel guilty for pursuing it all.
That’s why I don’t report as much as I could. The system is very, very, VERY heavily weighted in the favour of the accused and those driving the 1 tonne hunk of metal. My cases are only the tip of the iceberg. I know of many more serious cases that have failed because the system is broken, its underfunded and vulnerable user road safety is not a priority. and yet I still get people saying how I enjoy the drama…..that I enjoy getting people into trouble…. that I enjoy going to the police. No. I hate it. But if I don’t, and if you don’t, nothing will change.”

Police Service Northern Ireland
They report:
• Top of our legislative shopping list, when we get the Assembly back into operation, is the introduction of a FPN for Careless Driving in order that we can introduce something similar to Op Snap. As it currently sits we are having to prosecute in court for offences that our GB colleagues can expeditiously deal with by FPN. This has hampered our efforts in delivery of more “Close Pass” operations.

• The Dept for Infrastructure in NI have recently launched a number of new TV and poster advertisements dealing with cyclist/motorist relationships and trying to encourage mutual tolerance and respect, see: https://www.sharetheroadtozero.com/video-campaign/cycling-space-and-signal/
https://www.sharetheroadtozero.com/video-campaign/cycling-blind-spots-and-junctions/

• We have been working with Cycling Ulster and Cycling Ireland to encourage their clubs to adopt head-cams and warning signs to advise drivers that cameras are operating and we’ve jointly managed to get a number of our Policing and Community Safety Partnerships on board to fund cameras and jerkins for these participating clubs.

Summary and Conclusions
The nature of policing close passing of cyclists is very patchy. As we see it, the principal issues and problems arising are still those reported on last year:
1. Insufficient number of police allocated to operations.
This isn’t just the usual – but of course necessary – complaint that there is very little roads policing in the UK. When I made this point to Road Safety Minister in 2018 he replied that “it was not in (his) gift” to allocate resources, as he is a Minister at the Department for Transport, which does not fund roads policing. That’s true, but it doesn’t change the fact that operations need to be carried out regularly and frequently to get the message across.
While pioneers WMPRHRT work with partners like the West Midlands Fire Service, and non-roads police officers can be used as well, there is a need for the actual close passing operation to be at the core of activities, and that will require a uniformed police officer.
At present there are a number of Police Services which are only using the mats from Cycling UK for sessions at public events, not as part of an actual enforcement exercise
Numbers of operations targeting close passing have to be sufficient to create the impression, first raised by a MPS officer, that the police “can’t be everywhere, but we could be anywhere”.
Similarly, if the 3rd party reporting systems coming in are to work, adequate numbers of staff have to be available to process the evidence coming in.
2. 3rd party reporting is a crucial element.
We have always argued this and the long awaited roll out of a user friendly reporting scheme should radically affect this and indeed all roads policing. Unfortunately progress here is patchy – are you aware of portals/web links you can submit footage through in your area?
3. Education is only part of the process.
While the overall objective is changing what is regarded as acceptable behaviour: “hearts and minds”. However, we agree with WMPRHRT that the possibility of successful prosecution has to be there. At present their ration of education (e.g. mat use and talk) to enforcement/charging is 1:3.
4. Twitter and social media are crucial elements.
The message has to be got across to drivers – cyclists already know about close passing – and that means good use of all media. Surrey RPU, WMPRHRT have been gold standard here, with the Met’s Cycle Safety Team on the podium. It needs to be proactive. We’re also aware that police Twitter accounts may be operated by officers in their own “free” time.
5. Reducing close passing is just one type of road danger reduction.
Our view is that this is part of a general approach which should target the principal cause of harm to others as the priority. Ideally there is a close link with policing of 20 mph, pavement parking, infringement of cyclist infrastructure, distracted driving as in Operation Zig Zag. https://rdrf.org.uk/2019/04/22/operation-zig-zag-a-new-operation-by-west-midlands-police-road-harm-reduction-team/
Tweets from police services, press releases etc. which move away from this to target pedestrians and cyclists are not part of this, nor are non-evidence based calls for hi-viz, helmets etc., which at best water down the already limited focus on reducing danger at source.
This is all part of an ongoing process. The approach pioneered by West Midlands Police three years ago is here to stay. Unfortunately, a minority of Police Services in the UK have taken no interest. More importantly, those roads police officers in others that have made a commitment have generally done so at a much lower level of intensity that WMPRHRT. Readers should remember that Police Services in general, and roads policing in particular, are at unprecedented pressure on resources. Nevertheless, WMPRHRT have shown what can be done in current conditions, and we hope other Police Services will catch up with their progress.
Dr Robert Davis, Chair, Road Danger Reduction Forum. 13th May 2019

TLDR – the fact that there are people cycling fast on cycling infrastructure in London does not mean that the infrastructure is ‘creating’ or ‘causing’ fast cycling. The people cycling fast are the people who were already cycling in London, brave enough to deal with the (almost entirely hostile) road network. Instead of ‘causing’ fast cycling, cycling infrastructure actually enables a diverse range of users to cycle at whatever speed they wish to pedal at. It lowers cycling speeds, rather than raising them.

Last autumn, my partner and I cycled together in London. It was her very first time cycling in the capital. I think it’s more than fair to describe her as a nervous cyclist – while she cycled in her youth, the bike was pretty much discarded once she became a teenager, and she only started again, intermittently, several decades later, on holiday trips we took to the Netherlands.

On one of our Dutch cycling trips

Given her nervousness, the very first bit of road we ended up cycling on in London would have been an absolutely crazy choice five years ago. Upper Thames Street, a four lane canyon of motor traffic running straight through the City of London, is (or at least was) notorious for danger. The cycle courier Sebastian Lukomski was killed here in 2004, crushed under an HGV, a death that Bill Chidley identifies with the start of the politicisation of cycling safety in London. In 2008, Nick Wright was killed a matter of yards from where Lukomski died – again, crushed under the wheels of an HGV. And these horrible collisions kept happening. Again in 2013. And again in 2014. All on the same stretch of road.

But last autumn we cycled along this very same road, in almost complete safety. At rush hour.

Just now my very nervous, very wobbly partner cycled for the very first time in London. On Upper Thames Street pic.twitter.com/uUoap7BgHM

— Mark Treasure (@AsEasyAsRiding) September 6, 2018

To state the obvious, I can guarantee you that there was no way this would have happened, without the subjective and objective safety offered by the protected cycleway, which meant we did not have to cycle down this canyon, mixed in with HGVs, coaches, vans and cars. We had our own space, where we could trundle on our fully-laden Dutch bikes at a sedate 10mph, roughly the same speed as the slow moving motor traffic on the other side of the kerb.

Without that kerb, I don’t think there is any chance that this young child would be cycling along Upper Thames Street either.
Or these children.
Or these children.The crucial difference the cycleway has made is that people are now free to cycle at their own pace. Just like my partner, they can trundle along fairly slowly, without worrying about HGVs and coaches steaming up behind them. The cycleway has enabled, and will enable, people to cycle at slower speeds – the very people who would never even have considered cycling here, and on similar roads, without it.

It’s more than a little troubling, therefore, to see an emerging narrative that these kinds of cycleways are ‘creating’ a mentality of fast cycling – that their design (and even their name), are somehow fomenting or encouraging a type of cycling that wouldn’t exist if the cycling infrastructure hadn’t been built.

It's entirely possible this thread will set me off on a cycle super-highway rant again.

I mean you can just feel the testosterone in the name. Never mind the appalling design and behaviour they encourage in cyclists who use them. (I am a cyclist).

— Sarah Hayward (@Sarah_Hayward) March 2, 2019

The latest example is a piece from Jill Rutter for Reaction. The piece makes very some sensible arguments, but has had a silly headline added (at a guess, by an editor who has previously demonstrated some antagonism towards cycling infrastructure in London), and unfortunately creates the overall impression that safe, attractive and convenient cycling infrastructure, rather than enabling nervous people to cycle, is instead fostering a problem of fast and aggressive cycling. This impression was slightly reinforced by some comments the author later made on social media.

Hi Will – not sure if you read my piece in @reactionlife https://t.co/zST6mIcnPC — was discussing with other (female cycling) friends – who said they wd oppose @TfL new infra because of the racer mentality it created..

— Jill Rutter (@jillongovt) May 9, 2019

Unlike those journalists and politicians who are opponents of cycleways and would like to see it removed, and who are therefore making these kinds of arguments about ‘racing culture’ in bad faith, it’s pretty clear to me that Rutter is sincere. She supports cycling infrastructure, wants to see more of it, but is troubled personally by the types of cycling she is seeing at the moment, and worries that it may be putting people off cycling in London.

The problem is that new cycling infrastructure is obviously not ‘creating’ a racing mentality. That mentality is created not by the few miles of safe cycling conditions that have been built in central London, but by the abject reality of the rest of the road network, which does involve mixing with fast motor traffic, and large vehicles, on dreadfully-designed junctions and roads that make no concession whatsoever to the safety of people cycling. The ‘superhighways’ aren’t the reality of cycling in London – they’re only a small respite from it.

We haven’t suddenly transplanted the Netherlands onto London. We’ve built a few miles of good stuff, in pockets here and there, often without even joining it up, and… that’s it. The aggressive, fast people we encounter on ‘superhighways’  are the people who were cycling already, the people who will almost certainly be cycling without the subjective safety offered by motor traffic-free conditions.

Plainly, we shouldn’t be musing about why we haven’t got a demographic of relaxed, Dutch-type cycling in London when we’ve barely started changing our roads. We haven’t even scratched the surface. Let’s not start pretending that the infrastructure which allows my friends, family and partner to cycle slowly, and in safety, is somehow encouraging or fostering a type of cycling that is in reality a natural consequence of the rest of the road network.

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As Secretariat for WMPRHRT we’re pleased to report on this approach adopted by them and described by PC Mark Hodson at the Leicester University Law School March 29th conference on Law Enforcement and Vulnerable Road Users.

Operation Zig Zag is another example of how West Midlands Police Road Harm Reduction Team approach enforcement by targeting danger at source – concentrating on driver behaviour as it’s this which poses most threat of harm to the community.

In the last quarter of 2018 in the West Midlands Police area there were 23 deaths in Road Traffic Collisions (RTCs), 20 were pedestrians, 2 cyclists and 1 driver. The impetus for the operation was “the need for an operation combining the right enforcement and media strategy resulting in a true and proper deterrent against those who pose the greatest threat of harm”. Analysis of the last 2 years data on Killed and Seriously Injured (KSI) pedestrian involved collisions shows that 38% occurred at or near pedestrian crossings; 30% were under 15 and 50% under 25; the majority occurred at educational, retail or recreational locations.

Three tactics are employed for such locations:
• Community Speedwatch – New Standardised Policy.
• PCSO Speed enforcement – community driven, flexible, constant & targeted.
• Operation Zig Zag – stimulated by locational trigger of “Zig Zag” lines.

How Operation Zig Zag works

The locations involved are those (crossings, schools, shopping areas presence of heavy traffic) with the presence of Zig Zag road markings, and with evidence of distraction offences or excess speed at the location. Aggravating factors are evidenced to attain a Category 1 (court only disposal): the sentencing outcome starts at 7 points or a discretionary ban, with fine and costs amounting to some £550. Charges are under Section 2 and 3 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (dangerous driving and careless driving/driving without due care and attention) only.

Distraction offences(normally forms of mobile phone or similar device use, but could be drinking from cup) are seen by a covert or overt spotter with a body cam/ or helmet cam. Police motorcyclist or bicyclist are used for this.

Speed offences – start lower than the usual WMP enforcement threshold (37mph) so for a 30 mph limit :
• 35 – 41mph – S3RTA1988 standard disposal
• 41 – 49mph – S3RTA1988 Court disposal only
• 50 mph + – S2RTA1988

Results from Operation Zig Zag in 2019

• 72 court only disposal (Cat 1) Due Care offences and 3 Dangerous Drive offences
• 17 Due Care offences dealt with in the normal manner, so potential to still be dealt with at court for a Category 1 Due Care Offence 7-9 points with discretionary disqualification / band C fine (175 %)
• All police led prosecutions, WMPRHRT fill a court with 30 Zig Zag cases at a time
• Dangerous Drive offences postal charged and CPS prosecuted under Op Zig Zag guidelines

In Court

• Police led prosecutor aims for disqualification for S3SRTA offences
• Even the least sentence available is far greater than what the offender would receive if just a normal speed check or distraction offence.
• First court with 27 offenders in a morning was on 11th April with the Police led Prosecutor pressing for a disqualification for the worst offences and the slower speeds getting a minimum of 7 points. There were 3 not guilty pleas, adjourned (which may plead guilty) 24 guilty pleas resulting typically in 7/8 points, with average costs = £550,and 2 cases adjourned for disqualification.

And also:

This all takes place in association with:

• Operation Close Pass: Addressing close passing of cyclists in contravention of Rule 163 of the Highway Code.

• Operation Top Deck : Use of officers on buses to spot mobile phone offences.

• Operation Park Safe: To deter dangerous illegal parking on footways and other locations such as at crossings.

• 3rd party reporting: In the first quarter of 2019 WMP had 600 3rd party prosecutions from dash cams, cycle helmet and light cams. There’s an interest from WMPRHRT officers to now get footage from leisure/sport cyclists riding on rural roads as well as the commuting cyclists who have been the concern so far.

• Operation Zig Zag is there: “To deter offending at vulnerable locations by developing driver behavioural change, stimulated by the locational trigger of “Zig Zag” lines which drivers will associate with enforcement that results in sentencing affecting driver behaviour.”

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