Global

Abstract

Background: Ecological models emphasize that cycling for transport is determined by an interplay between individual, physical and social environmental factors. The current study investigated (a) which physical and social environmental factors determine adolescents’ preferences towards cycling for transport and (b) which individual, physical and social environmental factors are associated with their intention to actually cycle for transport.

Roundabouts are safer than intersections because they reduce the number of potential conflicts between road users and lower the driving speed. In the Netherlands, replacing an intersection by a roundabout is estimated to reduce the number of severe casualties by approximately 46%. The traffic flow is usually better on roundabouts than on intersections, and exhaust emission and noise decrease, certainly when compared with signalized intersections. Roundabouts, however, take up more space.

Perceived, subjective safety of cyclists is not only important as a main factor of cyclist preferences (Heinen et al., 2010), it also influences which route cyclists take (Klobucar and Fricker, 2007; Lawson et al., 2013), or whether they would choose cycling at all (Heinen et al., 2010). Despite this importance, objective and subjective safety are not equally emphasised (Nilsen et al., 2004) and comprehensive knowledge is also lacking (Sørensen and Mosslemi, 2009).

Free download. Created with the input of 72 cities in 42 countries, this new manual presents 21 street typologies and 50 unique street and intersection transformations applicable worldwide. With over 40 case studies, the Guide shows in actionable terms how to redesign streets to put people first. From moving more people with transit lanes, to dedicating space for vibrant economic activity like street vendors, this new global toolkit is applicable to a variety of contexts worldwide.

This selection planning document helps road managers to decide on the placement of bollards in cycle paths. In addition, it gives recommendations on the safe design of locations where bollards are deemed necessary. The selection schedule was completely renewed in December 2014 based on extensive practical evaluations.

This research posits the question that good design of the bicycle infrastructure in a city will encourage more people to cycle. Research is carried out to compare the cycle infrastructure in selected European cities against an adapted Level of Service concept using accompanied ride-alongs. The literature review on the factors that encourage/dissuade cycle use suggests that it is the potential rider’s perceptions on the safety of cycling in their neighbourhood that is the deciding feature.

This article examines the extent to which protected infrastructure is associated with greater diversity and normalisation of cycling. In the UK, cyclists are predominantly male and often wear distinctive cycle clothing rather than everyday clothes. This is not the case in higher-cycling countries such as the Netherlands and Germany. It has been argued that the UK's demographic skewing may be partly due to poor quality infrastructure which can be off-putting for many, but particularly for women, children and older people.

"The main question tackled here is: what really happens to traffic conditions when road capacity is reduced or reallocated? In pursuing the answer, interpretation of the evidence required consideration of a second question which had not featured so strongly in the original work-plan: what are the underlying changes in travel choice and behaviour that cause these effects?"

In low-cycling countries, cycling is not evenly distributed across genders and age groups. In the UK, men are twice as likely as women to cycle to work and cycling tends to be dominated by younger adults. By contrast, in higher cycling countries and cities, gender differences are low, absent, or in the opposite direction. Such places also lack the UK's steady decline in cycling among those aged over 35 years. Over the past fifteen years some UK local areas have seen increases in cycling.